Civics Class 9 : Chapter 4 - Working of Institution

In this page you get NCERT Solution Class 9 Social Science (Civics) Chapter 4 Working of Institution being given. Social Science have four parts. Social Science (Civics) Class 9th has been set by the CBSE Board. The speciality of this page is that here you can download pdf of NCERT Solution Class 9 Social Science (Civics). I expect that the given Class 9 Social Science (Civics) Solution Chapter 4 Working of Institution will be immensely useful to you. 

Chapter 4
Working of Institution

Exercises

1. If you are elected as the president of India which of the following decision can you take on your own?
(a) Select the person you like as Prime Minister.
(b) Dismiss a Prime Minister who has a majority in Lok Sabha.
(c) Ask for reconsideration of a bill passed by both the Houses.
(d) Nominate the leaders of your choice to the Council of Ministers.
Ans: (c) Ask for reconsideration of a bill passed by both the Houses.

2. Who among the following is a part of the political executive ?
(a) District Collector
(b) Secretary of the Ministry of Home Affairs.
(c) Home Minister
(d) Director General of Police
Ans: (c) Home Minister.


3. Which of the following statements about the judiciary is false ?
(a) Every law passed by the parliament needs approval of the Supreme Court.
(b) Judiciary can strike down a law if it goes against the spirit of the Constitution.
(c) Judiciary is independent of the Executive.
(d) Any citizen can approach the courts if her rights are violated.
Ans: (a) Every law passed by the Parliament needs approval of the Supreme Court.


4. Which of the following institutions can make changes to an existing law of the country?
(a) The Supreme Court
(b) The President
(c) The Prime Minister
(d) The Parliament
Ans: (d) The Parliament


5. Match the ministry with the news that the ministry may have released.
(a) A new policy is being made to increase the jute exports from the country. (i) Ministry of Defence
(b) Telephone services will be made more accessible to rural areas. (ii) Ministry of Agriculture,Food and Public Distribution
(c) The price of rice and wheat sold under the Public Distribution System will go down. (iii) Ministry of Health
(d) A pulse polio campaign will be launched. (iv) Ministry of Commerce and Industry
(e) The allowances of the soldiers posted on high altitudes will be increased. (v) Ministry of Communications and Information Technology.
Ans: (a) A new policy is being made to increase the jute exports from the country. : (iv) Ministry of Commerce and Industry
(b) Telephone services will be made more accessible to rural areas. : (v) Ministry of Communications and Information Technology
(c) The price of rice and wheat sold under the public distribution system will go down. : (ii) Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Public Distribution
(d) A pulse polio campaign will be launched : (iii) Ministry of Health
(e) The allowances of soldiers posted on high altitudes will be increased : (i) Ministry of Defence


6. Of all the institutions that we have studied in this chapter, name the one that exercises then powers on each of the following matters.
(a) Decision on allocation of money for developing infrastructure like roads, irrigation etc. and different welfare activities for the citizens.
(b) considers the recommendation of a Committee on a law to regulate the stock exchange.
(c) Decides on a legal dispute between two state governments.
(d) Implements the decision to provide relief for the victims of an earthquake.
Ans: (a) The executive (political), the government
(b) The Parliament (Lok Sabha)
(c) The Supreme Court (Judiciary)
(d) The Executive (Permanent) civil servants

7. Why is the Prime Minister in India not directly elected by the people? Choose the most
appropriate answer and give reasons for your choice.
(a) In a parliamentary democracy only the leader of the majority party in the Lok Sabha can become the Prime Minister.
(b) Lok Sabha can remove the Prime Minister and the Council of Minister even before the expiry of their term.
(c) Since the Prime Minister in appointed by the president there is no need for it.
(d) Direct election of the Prime Minister will involve a lot of expenditure on the election.
Ans: The most appropriate answer is (a).
This is because, in India, only the leader of the majority party/parties in the Lok Sabha can become the Prime Minister. Moreover, if the directly elected Prime Minister who does not have the support of the majority is appointed as the Prime Minister, there are chances that policies or laws suggested by him would not be passed in the Lok Sabha. This would lead to the government being run ineffectively.


8. Three friends went to watch a film that showed the hero becoming Chief Minister for a day and making big changes in the state. Imran said this is what the country needs. Rizwan said this kind of a personal rule without institutions is dangerous. Shankar said all this is a fantasy. No minister can do anything in one day. What would be your reaction to such a film?
Ans: The film is undoubtedly more idealistic than realistic. The problems as shown in the film are real but their solutions given are 80% based on ideals. Here, the views of all three friends are almost real. In reality, no Chief Minister can even understand the working of State administrative mechanism in a single day. So, it is almost impossible to solve all the problems in a day that either country is really facing now.


9. A teacher was making preparations for a mock parliament. She called two students to act as leaders of two political parties. She gave them an option: Each one could choose to have a majority either in the mock Lok Sabha or in the mock Rajya Sabha. If this choice was given to you, which one would you choose and why?
Ans: I would choose to have a majority in the mock Lok Sabha. This is because of the following
reasons:
Ø The leader of the Lok Sabha is directly answerable to the public, as they are directly elected by them.
Ø Any ordinary law needs to be passed by both the houses. However, in an undecided situation,the decision of Lok Sabha always prevails due to more members.
Ø Lok Sabha exercises more power in cases related to money bills as they originate here.
Ø The Council of Ministers is controlled by the Lok Sabha.
Ø Lok Sabha has more powers compared to the Rajya Sabha.


10. After reading the example of the reservation order, three students had different reactions to the role of the judiciary. Which view, according to you, is a correct reading of the role of the judiciary?
(a) Srinivas argues that since the Supreme Court agreed with the government, it is not independent.
(b) Anjaiah says that the judiciary is independent because it could have given a verdict against the government order. The Supreme Court did direct the government to modify it.
(c) Vijaya thinks that the judiciary is neither independent nor conformist, but acts as a mediator between opposing parties. The court struck a good balance between those who supported and those who opposed the order.
Ans: (b) The view of Anjaiah is correct. Judiciary is independent and impartial. It is not under the control of legislature or the executive. The judges did not act on the direction of the government or according to the wishes of the party in power.

Extra Questions
Short Answer Type Questions

1. Who are the major functionaries in India?
Ans. The major functionaries in India are:
(a) The President, who is the head of the state and the highest formal authority in the country.
(b) The Prime Minister is the head of the governmental and one who usually exercises all the government powers.
(c) The Parliament which consists of two houses, the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha. The Prime Minister must have the support of a majority of the Lok Sabha members.


2. Describe the need for political institutions.
Ans. (a) The government is responsible for ensuring security to the citizens and providing education and health facilities to all.
(b) It collects taxes and spends money on administration, defence and developmental programmes.
(c) It formulates and implements several welfare schemes. Political institutions are needed to attend to all these tasks.

3. How are some of the delays and complications introduced by democratic institutions very useful?
Ans. Delays and complications introduced by democratic institutions are very useful because:
(a) They provide an opportunity for a wider set of people to be consulted in any division.
(b) Institutions make it difficult to have a good decision taken very quickly.
(c) But they also make it equally difficult to rush through a bad decision.


4. What is the significance of Parliament in a democracy?
Ans. The significance of Parliament in a democratic country are as follows.
(a) Parliament is the final authority in making laws in any country. It can change the existing laws, abolish them or make new laws.
(b) Parliament exercises control over those who run the government. No decision can be taken without the support of the Parliament.
(c) Parliament also controls the money matters. .
(d) Parliament is the highest forum of discussion and debate on public issues and national policy in any country. It can seek information on any matter. (Any three points)


5. How is the Lok Sabha more powerful than the Rajya Sabha?
Ans. The Lok Sabha is more powerful than the Rajya Sabha in following manner.
(a) An ordinary law needs to be passed in both the houses. But if there is a difference between the two houses, the final decision is taken in a joint session. Since the number of members of Lok Sabha is more than that of the Rajya Sabha, the views of the Lok Sabha are more likely to prevail.
(b) The Lok Sabha exercises more powers in money matters. Once the Lok Sabha passes a law concerning the money matters, the Rajya Sabha can not reject it. It can only delay it by 14 days or suggest changes in it. It is up to the Lok Sabha to accept the changes or not.
(c) The Lok Sabha controls the council of ministers. If the majority of the Lok Sabha members say they have no confidence in the council of ministers, all the ministers including the Prime minister, have to quit. The Rajya Sabha does not have this power.


6. Explain the three categories of the Council of Ministers.
Ans. The Council of Ministers consists of three categories
(a) Cabinet Ministers: They are the top-level leaders of the ruling party or parties who are in-charge of the major ministries. Usually the cabinet ministers meet to take decisions in the name of the Council of Ministers.
(b) Ministers of State with Independent Charge: They are in charge of smaller ministries. They participate in cabinet meetings only when they are invited.
(c) Ministers of State: These ministers are attached to and are required to assist the cabinet ministers.


7. Describe the powers and functions of the Indian Parliament.
Ans: a) The parliament is the final authority for making laws in any country.
(b) It can pass a no-confidence resolution against the government and ask it to resign.
(c) It controls the money matters of the nation. Government budget has to be evolved and passed by parliament.
(d) It is the highest forum of discussion, debates and deliberations on public and national policies and issues.
(e) It can seek information or question the government on any matter which it has to answer.
(f) It performs the electoral function of electing President, Vice-President speaker, deputy-speaker.
(g) It has the power to remove the president judges of supreme court and High Court through impeachment.


8.“Prime Minister is the head of the government."Justify the statement.
Ans. Prime Minister is the head of the government.The statement can be justified in the following ways:
(a) He leads the majority party in the Parliament.
(b) He summons and presides over the meetings of the cabinet.
(c) All the decisions by his cabinet are taken under his leadership, consent and authority.
(d) He acts as an adviser to the president over the appointment of his ministers, judges of Supreme Court and high courts.
(e) He is free to choose his ministers and can change their portfolios.


9. State the powers of the President.
Ans: In India the President is the head of the state and has the following powers.
(a) All government activities take place in the name of the President. He exercises only the nominal powers.
(b) He supervises the overall functioning of all the political institutions in the country so that they operate in harmony to achieve the objective of the state.
(c) All the laws and major policy decisions of the government are taken in his name.
(d) All major appointments are made in his name i.e. the appointment of the Chief Justice of India, the judges of the Supreme Court and the High Court of the states, the Governors of the states, the Election Commission, ambassadors to other countries etc.
(e) All international treaties and agreements are made in his name.
(f) He is the supreme commander of the defence forces of India.


10. How can you say that the judiciary in India is the most powerful?
Ans. In the following manner judiciary in India is considered as the most powerful:
(a) The judiciary in India is independent. It means it is not under the control of the legislature or the executive.
(b) The Supreme Court and the High Courts have the power to interpret the constitution of the country.
(c) They can determine the validity or declare invalid any law and action of legislature or any of the executive in the country when it is challenged before them. This is called the judicial review.
(d) The Supreme Court of India has also ruled that the core or the basic principles of the Constitution can not be changed by the Parliament.
(e) The powers and the independence of the judiciary allows it to act as a guardian of the fundamental rights of the citizens. The citizens can approach the Supreme Court in case of any violation of their rights. The courts intervene or prevent the misuse of the government's powers to make decisions. They check the malpractices on the part of the public officials.️