Economics Class 9 : Chapter 2 - People as Resource

In this page you get NCERT Solution Class 9 Social Science (Economics) Chapter 2 People as Resource being given. Social Science have four parts. Social Science (Economics) Class 9th has been set by the CBSE Board. The speciality of this page is that here you can download pdf of NCERT Solution Class 9 Social Science (Economics). I expect that the given Class 9 Social Science (Economics) Solution Chapter 2 People as Resource will be immensely useful to you.

Lesson 2
People as Resource

Exercises

1. What do you understand by 'people as a resource'?

Ans: a) People as resource is a way of referring to a country's working people in terms of their existing productive skills and abilities.

b) Population is an asset for the economy rather than a liability.

c) Population becomes human capital when there is investment made in the form of education, training and medical care.

d) In fact, human capital is the stock of skills and productive knowledge embodied in them.

2. How is human resource different from other resources like land and physical capital?

Ans: Human resource can make use of other resources like land and physical capital but land and physical capital cannot become useful on its own.

 

3. What is the role of education in human capital formation?

Ans: Role of education:

a) It opens new horizon for us, provides new aspiration and developed value of life. Education contributes towards the growth of society.

b) Trained labour is the foundation of economic development. Education enhances the total productivity of a labour. Total productivity adds to the growth of the economy. This, in return, pays individual through salary or in some other form of his choice.

4. What is the role of health in human capital formation?

Ans: a) Health is a positive state of physical and mental well- being.

b) Health plays an important role in human capital formation. Improvement in health adds to the efficiency, ability and quality of labour.

c) Good health enhances the quality of life and total productivity. Total productivity adds to the growth of the economy.

5. What part does health play in the individual's working life?

Ans: a) A person's ability to work continuously depends largely on health.

b) The health of a person helps him to realise his potential and the ability to fight illness.

c) A healthy person not only contributes in the development of a country, by increasing efficiency and productivity but he is more able to enjoy the fruit of development.

d) Workers whose health is not good and fall sick quite often cannot do their job efficiently. Their efficiency, therefore, remains low.

e) Good health contributes to the quality of life.

6. What are the various activities undertaken in the primary sector, secondary sector and tertiary sector?

Ans: The various activities to be done by the people can be classified into three main sectors of the economy: primary, secondary and tertiary.

Primary sector: This sector includes agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishing, poultry farming and mining.

Secondary sector: Secondary sector includes the activities related to manufacturing.

Tertiary sector: This sector includes services like trade, transport, communication, banking, education, health, tourism, insurance etc.

 

7. What is the difference between economic activities and non- economic activities?

Ans: Economic activities: Economic activities are those human activities which are concerned with money or wealth. These activities add values to the national income. Thus, all the activities undertaken in the Primary sector, Secondary sector and Tertiary sector are called economic activities.

Non- economic activities: Those activities which are not concerned with the world for money. These activities are done either for pleasure or out of love or out of pity. For example: teaching a student by his father, cooking food by mother.

8. Why are women employed in low paid work?

Ans: Women are employed in low paid work due to the following reasons:

a) A majority of women have meagre education. So, they cannot have employed in high paid work.

b) Women are generally unskilled and untrained. So they are employed in low paid jobs. However, women with higher education and skill formation are paid at par with the men.

c) Some high paid work need physical strength but women are physically weak and they cannot do as much physical work as men can do. So they are employed in low paid work.

9. How will you explain the term unemployment?

Ans: a) Unemployment is a situation when people, who are willing to work at the prevailing wages, cannot find jobs.

b) The working population includes people from 15 to 59 years.

c) Boys and girls below the age of 15 years and men and women above the age of 59 years do not fall in the category of working population.

10. What is the difference between disguised unemployment and seasonal unemployment?

Ans: Disguised unemployment:

Disguised unemployment means that number of workers engaged in a job is more than actually required to accomplish it. If some of them are withdrawn from the job, the total production will not be affected. Such unemployment is generally seen in agriculture sector.

Seasonal unemployment:

Seasonal unemployment happens when people are not able to find jobs during some months of the year. For example, people depend on agriculture usually face such a kind of problem.

11. Why is educated unemployed, a peculiar problem of India?

Ans: a) Educated unemployment has become a common phenomenon in urban areas. Many youth with matriculation, graduation and post graduation degrees are not able to find job.

b) According to a study, unemployment of graduates and postgraduates has increased faster than among matriculates.

c) There is a feeling of hopelessness and despair among the youth.

d) On the one hand, there is unemployment among technically qualified persons while on the other; there is shortage of technical skills required for economic growth in India.

12. In which field do you think India can build the maximum employment opportunity?

Ans: i) India can build the maximum employment opportunities both in manufacturing and tertiary sectors.

 ii) The manufacturing sector now absorbs only 10 % of the working population. There is much scope in this sector.

iii) Hence new manufacturing units should be established for the building the maximum employment opportunities.

iv) We can also absorb some people in tertiary sector by the expanding infrastructure such as transports, communication, education, health, tourism, insurance etc.

13. Can you suggest some measures in the education system to mitigate the problem of the educated unemployment?

Ans: i) Emphasis should be on vocational education from the secondary stage of education.

ii) The students should be made aware and encouraged about self- employment.

iii) Education system should be made employment oriented.

iv) There should be emphasis on the development of science and technology.

v) Institutions providing employment information and guidance should be strengthened.

14. Can you imagine some village which initially had no job opportunities but later came up with many?

Ans: i) Yes, we can imagine some villages which initially had not job opportunities but later came up with many.

ii) Every villagers use to the nearby town to sell the surplus grains and then use to buy seeds, manure, etc from there. But with the changing time many changes have taken place in the village.

a) A market has been open in the village.

b) Primary school has been opened. Now villagers attend the school.

c) Some training centres have been started in the village.

d) Villagers have been employed in sugarcane crushing factory in the village.

e) Computer centre has been opened in village.

15. Which capital would you consider the best- land, labour, physical capital and human capital? Why?

Ans: a) Human capital is superior and different from other factors of production.

b) Human capital can make use of other resources like land and physical capital but the land and physical capital cannot become useful on their own.

c) Human capital combines other capitals and produce goods and services.

Extra Questions

1. Has the literacy rate of the population increased since 1951?

Ans: Yes, the literacy rate of the population increased since 1951. Literacy in 1951 male 28 percentage, female 11 % . Literacy rate in 2001 male 75 percentage female 52 percentage.

2. In which year India has the highest literacy rate?

Ans: India has the highest literacy rate in 2011.

3. Why literacy rate is high among the males of India?

Ans: a) India traditionally has a patriarchal male dominated society their more importance is given to males.

b) Culturally due to division of labour the males go out of their homes and get better access to education.

c) Poor families due to monetary limitations prefer to send their sons to school and not their daughters.

 

4. Why are women less educated than men?

Ans: Women are less educated than men because more preference is given to the boys or sons in the family for education as they are considered as future of the family.

5. How would you calculate literacy rate in India?

Ans: The literacy rate can be calculated on the basis of the formula ---the number of literate people divided by the population multiplied by hundred.

6. What is your projection about India's literacy rate in 2020?

Ans: India's literacy rate in 2020 may 75 percentages.

7. Mention any three features of National Health Policy.

Answer: The three features of national health policy are:

(a) It aims at improving the accessibility of healthcare and family welfare.

(b) It aims at improving the nutritional services with special focus on underprivileged segment of the population.

(c) It was improved the ratio of nurses, doctors and beds in the country.

8. “Unemployment leads to low income and low savings and hence low demand and low production. This is the identification of a depressed economy.” Support the statement with three arguments.

Answer: Unemployment has negative effects on the economic development of a country in the following ways:

(a) It is a wastage of manpower resource. It increases the economic overload and the number of dependent on population.

(b) The quality of life of an individual as well as the society is adversely affected. There is a feeling of hopelessness among the youth.

(c) The time period lost in the unemployment is an irrecoverable loss. It is the loss of productive period and the loss can not be compensated.

Thus, increase in unemployment is an indicator of a depressed economy.

9. In what way is human capital superior to other sources like physical capital? How a large population is turned into a productive asset? Explain.

Ans. Human capital is superior to other sources likephysical capital as it can make use of other sources like land and physical capital. Human capital can develop land and physical capital according to his skill and education because they could not develop on their own.A large population is turned into a productive asset by the following ways:

(a) Proper investment in developing skills

(b) Emphasis on academic and vocational aspects of students.

(c) Making available opportunities accessible to large section of people like technological know how.

10. Describe the employment scenario in the three sectors of the economy in India in recent years.

Ans. Agriculture is the most labour absorbing sector of the economy. In recent years, there has been a decline in the dependence of population on agriculture partly because of disguised unemployment. Some of the surplus labour in agriculture has moved to secondary or tertiary sectors. Small-scale manufacturing is the most labour absorbing sector in secondary sector. The tertiary sector has seen a remarkable improvement in its employment in recent years. In this sector, various new services are now appearing such as biotechnology, information technology and so on.

11. Describe five main features of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan.

Answer: The five main features of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan are:

(a) It is a significant step towards providing elementary education to all children in the age group of 6-14 years.

(b) It is a time-bound initiative of the central government, in partnership with the states, the local government and the community for attaining the goal of universalisation of elementary education.

(c) In this, bridge courses and back-to-school camps have been introduced to increase the enrolment in elementary education.

(d) Mid-day meal scheme has been introduced to encourage attendance in schools and increase their nutritional status.

(e) These type of polices of the government could add to the literate minds and further the economic development.

12. Describe different types of unemployment found in India.

Answer:. The different types of unemployment found in India are:

(a) Disguised unemployment: This is the phenomenon where too many workers are working in a specific job. It happens in small agricultural farms where the whole family is working on the same farm but so many workers are not required to cultivate the farm efficiently

(b) Seasonal unemployment: It occurs when workers can find work in a specific season.For example, agricultural workers may find work only during busy agricultural seasons when sowing, harvesting, weeding and threshing are done.

(c) Educated unemployment: This type of unemployment is common in urban areas. There is unemployment among the educated and technically skilled workers because they are not able to find the jobs for themselves.

13. Explain any five effects of unemployment on the overall growth of the economy.

Or

How does unemployment affect the overall growth of an economy?

Ans. The five effects of unemployment on the overall growth of an economy are:

(a) It leads to wastage of manpower resource.

(b) The people who are an asset become a liability.

(c) It creates a feeling of hopelessness and despair among the young people.

(d) It increases economic overload, i.e., the dependence of unemployed on the working population.

(e) The quality of life of an individual gets affected.