Economics Class 9 : Chapter 1 - The Story of Palampur

In this page you get NCERT Solution Class 9 Social Science (Economics) Chapter 1 The Story of Palampur being given. Social Science have four parts. Social Science (Economics) Class 9th has been set by the CBSE Board. The speciality of this page is that here you can download pdf of NCERT Solution Class 9 Social Science (Economics). I expect that the given Class 9 Social Science (Economics) Solution Chapter 1 The Story of Palampur will be immensely useful to you.

Lesson 1
The Story of Palampur

Exercises

2. Modern farming methods require more inputs which are manufactured in industry. Do you agree?

Ans: Yes, we agree with the facts that modern farming methods require more inputs which are manufactured in industry. This is because, pumping sets for irrigation, tractors, chemical fertilizers, pesticides etc. that are required under modern farming method, are manufactured in industries.

 

3. How did the spread of electricity help farmers in Palampur?

Ans: 

1. The spread of electricity helped the farmers of Palampur very much. It helped the farmers to irrigate their land with the help of electric- run tube wells more effectively.
2. Now, they could irrigate much larger areas of land.
3. Apart from irrigation, electricity became helpful to run their threshers for faster harvesting.

4. Is it important to increase the area under irrigation? Why?

Ans: i) Yes, it is important to increase the area under irrigation.

ii) (a) This is because, by increasing the area under irrigation farmers can get more agricultural yields.

(b) More than one crops can be cultivated on the same piece of land.

(c) Modern farming methods can be applied.

5. Describe the distribution of land among the 450 families of Palampur.

Ans: 

1. In Palampur about one-third of the 450 families are landless, i.e.150 families, most of them dalits, have no land for cultivation.
2. 240 families cultivate small plots of land less than two hectares in size.
3. In Palampur, there are 60 families of medium and large farmers who cultivate more than 2 hectares of land.

 

6. Why are the wages for farm labourers in Palampur less than minimum wages?

Ans: 

1. The farm labourers come either from landless families or the families cultivating small plots of land.
2. There is heavy competition among the farm labourers for work in Palampur. So the labourers agree to work for less than the minimum wages.

 

7. In your region, talk to two labourers. Choose either from labourers or labourers working at construction sites. What wages do they get? Are they paid in cash or kind? Do they get work regularly? Are they in debt?

Ans: 

1. They get Rs.200/-per day as wages.
2. They are paid in cash.
3. They do not get work regularly.
4. They are in heavy debt.

8. What are the different ways of increasing production on the same piece of land? Use examples to explain.

Ans: There are two different ways of increasing production on the same piece of land-

(1) multiple cropping and  (2) modern farming methods.

Multiple cropping: To grow more than one crop on a piece of land during the year is known as multiple cropping.

For example- the farmers can grow jowar and bajra in rainy season, potato between October and December and wheat in the winter season.

Modern farming methods: It refers to the use of High Yielding Varieties of seeds compared to the traditional seeds, plenty of water, chemical fertilizers and pesticides to produce best results.

For example- by using these methods in the 1960s Indian farmers highly increased their production especially of wheat and rice which is known as Green Revolution.

 

9. Describe the work of a farmer with 1 hectare of land.

Ans: 

1. The farmer first ploughs the land by bullocks or tractor and then sows the seeds.
2. After 22 days at regular interval he irrigates the field.
3. He splashes fertilizers and sprays insecticides after irrigation.
4. After nearly three months from sowing wheat is harvested and production is complete.
5. The farmer retains a part of it for the self consumption and sells the surplus quantity in the market.

 

10. How do the medium and large farmers obtain capital for farming? How is it different from the small farmers?

Ans: a) Medium and large farmers obtain capital from their past saving for farming. Generally their production is more than their consumption, they sell surplus product in the market and have money. It is their saving.

b) On the other hand, the small farmers do not have savings. They have to borrow money for the capital. They generally borrow from large farmers, village money - lenders or the traders. The rate of interest on such loans is very high.

 

11. On want terms did Savita get a loan from Tejpal Singh? Would Savita's condition be different if she could get a loan from the bank at a low rate of interest?

Ans: a) Savita got a loan from Tejpal Singh on the following terms.

•  The interest rate on the loan would be 24 percentages for four months. It was a very high interest rate.
•  She had to promise to work on his field as a farm labourer during the busy harvest season at Rs.35 per day only. This wages was quiet low.

b) Yes, her condition would be different if she could get loan from the bank at a lower rate of interest.

 

12. Write a short report on the changes in irrigation and change in production methods during the last 30 years.

Ans: I talked to many old residents in my region in connection with the methods of irrigation and production prevalent in 30 years back. I found many changes in these methods. The following reports convey the changes over the last 30 years.

1. 30 years back, irrigation was a very tedious job. Persian wheels were used by the farmers to draw water from the wells and irrigate small fields. During the period of 30 years, the system of irrigation has changed.
2. Now, the farmers use electric- run tube wells in place of Persian wheels. People saw that the electric- run tubewells could irritate much larger areas of land more effectively. The first few tubewells were installed by the government. Soon farmers started setting up private tubewells.
3. Changes in production method: Sugarcane crushing was earlier done with the help of bullock, but now people prefer to do it by mechanical sugarcane crushing machine that runs on electricity.

 

13. What are the non- farming production activities taking place in your region? Make a short list.

Ans: There are various non farm production activities taking place in our region. Nearly 25% of working people in our region are engaged in the activities other than agriculture. The main activities of them are: transport, shopkeeping, dairy small scale manufacturing of toys, shoes, readymade garments etc.

 

14. What can be done so that more non-farm production activities can be started in villages?

Ans: The following efforts can be made to increase non-farming production activities in villages:

1. Loan facilities: The government should provide loan to the villages at low rate of interest so that they could start such activities.
2. Awareness: The villagers should make aware about the features of different non farm production activities. If they know how they can earn more money from these activities, they will certainly take interest and start these activities.
3. Market: Another thing which is essential for expansion of non- farm activities is to have markets where the goods and services produced, can be sold.
4. Transport facilities: Easy and cheap transport facilities will certainly encourage non- farm production.

Extra Questions

Very Short Answer/Objective Type Questions [1 Mark]

1. Which state was first to try out the modern farming methods in India?

Ans. Haryana

 

2. Which terms is used for measuring the crop produced on a given piece of land during a single year?

Ans. Yield

 

3. Which of the following is not fixed capital?

(a) Agricultural land

(b) Tubewell

(c) Fertilisers and pesticides

(d) Farm machinery

Ans. (c) Fertilisers and pesticides

 

4. Which of the following statements is not true about small-scale manufacturing in villages?

(a) Farmers engage in it to supplement their income.

(b) Farmers take help of their family members.

(c) The production is done mostly at home.

(d) Farmers produce articles for their own use.

Ans. (d) Farmers produce articles for their own use.

 

5. What is the basic constraint in raising farm production?

(a) Capital is scarce.

(b) Land is fixed.

(c) Agricultural workers are not willing to work.

(d) Irrigation is not well developed.

Ans. (b) Land is fixed.

 

6. The standard unit of measuring agricultural land is:

Ans: Hectare

 

7. The main reason why farmers are able to grow two or three crops in a year is due to:

Ans. Well-developed system of irrigation

 

8. The cost of cultivation is rising fast due to:

Ans: Increased use of advanced agricultural inputs.

 

9. ........... is an activity that involves making of goods or services that a person needs.

Ans: production

 

10. ........ means putting physical and mental referred by the human beings during the process of production.

Ans: Labour

 

11. The variety of raw material and money in hand during the process of production is known as........ .

Ans: working capital

 

12. Jowar and bajra are .......... season crops.

Ans: Kharif

 

13. What is the main economic activity in Palampur?

Ans. The main economic activity in Palampur is farming.

 

14. What was the benefit of electricity in Palampur?

Ans. Most of the houses have electricity connections.

Electricity is used to power the tubewells in the fields and also for many small businesses.

 

15. What facilities are available for education and health in Palampur?

Ans. Palampur has two primary schools and one high school. There is a primary health centre run by the government and one private dispensary where the sick are treated.

16. Define Production.

Ans. Production is an activity that involves making of goods or services that a person needs.

 

17. Farmer's plough is an example of which factor of production?

Ans. Farmer's plough is an example of fixed capital.

 

18. What do you mean by physical capital?

Ans. At every stage of production, we need a variety of inputs such as machines, raw materials and money. Together, these are called physical capital.

19. What is the first and foremost requirement for the production of goods and services?

Ans. The first and foremost requirement for the production of goods and services is the land and other factors of production like labour and capital.

20. What do you mean by working capital?

Or

Which capital is known as working capital?

Ans. Working capital refers to the variety of raw material and money in hand during the production, in order to make payments and buy other necessary items.

21. What is human capital?

Ans. Human capital refers to knowledge and enterprise required to put together land,labour and physical capital and produce an output for self-consumption or to sell in the market.

22. Name the kharif and rabi crops grown in Palampur.

Ans. The kharif crops are jowar and bajra and rabi crops are wheat and sugarcane which are grown in Palampur. Potatoes are also grown in between these two seasons.

23. What was the main reason for the growth of three different crops in a year?

Ans. The main reason for the growth of three different crops in a year was well-developed system of irrigation.

24. What is the impact of electricity on irrigation?

Ans. Earlier, with the use of persian wheel, people used to irrigate small areas by using water from wells. But, now, with the use of electricity and tubewells, they can irrigate larger areas in lesser time.

25. What is multiple cropping?

Ans. Multiple cropping means to grow more than one crop on a same piece of land.

 

26. Define yield.

Ans. Yield means crop produced on a given piece of land during a single season.

 

27. How did the Indian farmers benefit from Green Revolution?

Ans. The Green Revolution enabled the Indian farmers to cultivate wheat and rice using high yielding varieties of seeds, irrigation, chemical fertilisers, insecticides, pesticides etc.

28. Which modern implements were used by the Indian farmers?

Ans. The modern implements used by the Indian farmers were tubewells, tractors, threshers and harvesters.

29. What is the impact of Green Revolution on soil and ground water table?

Ans. Green Revolution is associated with the increased use of chemical fertilisers. The minerals of chemical fertilisers dissolve in water and contaminate it, thereby polluting both water and soil, thus, the continuous use of fertilisers makes the soil less fertile.

30. Who provides labour for medium and large farmers?

Ans. Labour for medium and large farmers is provided by landless labourers or those who are cultivating small plots of land.

Short Answer Type Questions [3 Marks]

31. Highlight the basic constraints in raising production from a farm.

Ans. The basic constraints in raising production from a farm are:

1. The land area under cultivation is practically fixed.
2. There has been no expansion in land area under cultivation after 1960s. By then, some wastelands in the villages had been converted to cultivable land.
3. There is no further scope to increase the farm production by bringing new land area under cultivation as no new land is available.

32. Distinguish between Kharif and Rabi seasons.

Ans. Kharif Season

• It is identified with rainy or wet season.
• Crops are sown in June-July and harvested November-January.
• Kharif crops are jowar and bajra.

Rabi Season

• It is identified with winter or dry season.
• Crops are sown in October -November and harvested in April-May.
• Wheat is an important rabi crop.

33. State the importance of growing more than one crop on a piece of land.

Ans. The importance of growing more than one crop on a piece of land is:

• It retains the fertility of the soil.
• It generates employment for many people throughout the year.
• It benefits the farmers economically.

34. SWhat is Multiple cropping? How does it help in farmer's prosperity?

Ans. When two or more crops are grown on a given piece of land during a year, it is known as multiple cropping. This is the most common way of increasing production on a given piece of land.

35. Explain the term physical capital. Mention its different types with examples.

Ans. Physical capital is the capital that is further used in the production of more goods such as tools, equipments, machines and raw materials.The two types physical capital are:

(a) Fixed Capital : It is that capital which can be used over and over again. This capital llasts for a longer time such as machines and tools.

(b) Working Capital : It consists of those goods that are used up in the process of production such as raw materials and money.

 

36. Give three reasons why small farmers have to arrange capital by borrowing.

Ans. The three reasons why small farmers have to arrange capital by borrowing are:

• To buy seeds and water for irrigation.
• To pay back the loan with high rate of interest.
• To use the money for marriage or festivals.

 

37. What can be done to increase the non-farm activities in the Indian Villages?

Ans. The things which can be done to increase the non-farm activities in the Indian villages are:

• Banks should provide loans at low interest rates so that the poor villagers can start some small-scale businesses and can earn their livelihood.
• Government should initiate effective employment generating schemes like small-scale industries, computer training centres, vocational courses etc.
• Government should provide training to the villagers in different skills.

38. Describe three features of small-scale manufacturing as non-farming activity in Palampur.

Ans. Small-scale manufacturing in Palampur is carried out to supplement the earnings of the people. The features of small-scale manufacturing in Palampur are:

• They are organised on very small scale and employ simple methods of production like simple machines, equipment and tools.
• Raw materials used by small-scale manufacturing are generally locally available.
• They are generally organised at home k with family labour.
• These industries sell their products locally or in nearby villages. (any three).